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    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/" class="sidebar-link">환영합니다</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html" class="active sidebar-link">TDD를 위한 설정하기</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html#vue-cli-설치하기" class="sidebar-link">vue-cli 설치하기</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html#첫-번째-테스트-작성하기" class="sidebar-link">첫 번째 테스트 작성하기</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html#greeting-컴포넌트-생성하기" class="sidebar-link">Greeting 컴포넌트 생성하기</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html#테스트-작성하기" class="sidebar-link">테스트 작성하기</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html#테스트-실행하기" class="sidebar-link">테스트 실행하기</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.html#어설션-하기" class="sidebar-link">어설션 하기</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/rendering-a-component.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포넌트 렌더하기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/components-with-props.html" class="sidebar-link">props 테스트하기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/computed-properties.html" class="sidebar-link">computed 프로퍼티</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/simulating-user-input.html" class="sidebar-link">사용자 입력 시연하기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/testing-emitted-events.html" class="sidebar-link">emitted 이벤트 테스트하기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/mocking-global-objects.html" class="sidebar-link">전역 객체 모킹하기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/stubbing-components.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포넌트 스터빙</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/finding-elements-and-components.html" class="sidebar-link">엘리먼트와 컴포넌트 찾기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/testing-vuex.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex 테스트하기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-mutations.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - 뮤테이션</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - 액션</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-getters.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - 게터</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-in-components.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포넌트 내에 있는 Vuex - $state와 게터</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-in-components-mutations-and-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포넌트 내에 있는 Vuex - 뮤테이션과 액션</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vue-router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue 라우터</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/composition-api.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포지션 API</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html" class="sidebar-link">보일러플레이트 줄이기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/jest-mocking-modules.html" class="sidebar-link">Jest - 모듈 모킹하기</a></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h2 id="vue-cli-설치하기"><a href="#vue-cli-설치하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> vue-cli 설치하기</h2> <p><code>vue-test-utils</code>는 Vue의 공식 테스트 라이브러리이고, 이 가이드를 진행하는 동안 사용할 것입니다. 이 라이브러리는 브라우저와 Node.js 환경 양쪽에서 모두 작동합니다. 그리고 다른 테스트 러너(test runner)와 함께 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 가이드에서는 Node.js 환경에서 테스트를 실행하겠습니다.</p> <p><code>vue-cli</code>는 가장 간단하게 시작할 수 있는 방법입니다. 프로젝트를 준비해줄 뿐만 아니라 인기있는 테스트 프레임워크인 Jest의 환경도 설정해줍니다. 아래의 커맨드를 통해 설치해보겠습니다.</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> global <span class="token function">add</span> @vue/cli
</code></pre></div><p>또는 npm에서 아래와 같이 입력합니다.</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -g @vue/cli
</code></pre></div><p><code>vue create [project-name]</code>을 실행해서 새로운 프로젝트를 만들어 보겠습니다. &quot;Manually select features&quot;를 선택하고 이어서 &quot;Unit Testing&quot; 선택, 테스트 러너로는 &quot;Jest&quot;를 선택합니다.</p> <p>설치가 끝나고 나면, <code>cd</code>로 프로젝트에 들어가서 <code>yarn test:unit</code> 커맨드를 실행합니다. 전부 잘 작동했다면, 아래와 같은 메세지가 나옵니다.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code> PASS  tests/unit/HelloWorld.spec.js
  HelloWorld.vue
    ✓ renders props.msg when passed (26ms)

Test Suites: 1 passed, 1 total
Tests:       1 passed, 1 total
Snapshots:   0 total
Time:        2.074s
</code></pre></div><p>축하합니다, 여러분은 첫 번째 통과하는 테스트를 실행했습니다.</p> <h2 id="첫-번째-테스트-작성하기"><a href="#첫-번째-테스트-작성하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 첫 번째 테스트 작성하기</h2> <p>방금 전에는 프로젝트에 이미 존재하는 테스트를 실행했습니다. 직접 테스트를 작성해 보겠습니다. 컴포넌트를 작성하고, 작성한 컴포넌트를 테스트합니다. 전통적으로 TDD를 할 때, 실패하는 테스트를 먼저 작성하고나서, 테스트를 통과하는 코드를 구현합니다. 지금은 컴포넌트를 먼저 작성하겠습니다.</p> <p><code>src/components/HelloWorld.vue</code>나 <code>tests/unit/HelloWorld.spec.js</code>는 더 이상 필요 없으니까 지워도 됩니다.</p> <h2 id="greeting-컴포넌트-생성하기"><a href="#greeting-컴포넌트-생성하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> <code>Greeting</code> 컴포넌트 생성하기</h2> <p><code>src/components</code> 안에 <code>Greeting.vue</code> 파일을 만들어 보겠습니다. <code>Greeting.vue</code> 안에 아래와 같은 내용을 추가합니다.</p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    {{ greeting }}
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Greeting&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

  <span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      greeting<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Vue and TDD&quot;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="테스트-작성하기"><a href="#테스트-작성하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 테스트 작성하기</h2> <p><code>Greeting</code>은 <code>greeting</code> 값을 렌더(render) 하는 한 가지 책임만 가집니다. 아래와 같은 전략을 가지려고 합니다.</p> <ol><li><code>마운트</code>로 컴포넌트를 렌더합니다.</li> <li>컴포넌트의 텍스트가 &quot;Vue and TDD&quot;를 포함하는지 어설트 합니다.</li></ol> <p><code>tests/unit</code> 안에 <code>Greeting.spec.js</code>를 생성합니다. <code>Greeting.vue</code>와 <code>mount</code>를 import 합니다. 그러고 나서 테스트의 개요를 추가합니다.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
import Greeting from '@/components/Greeting.vue'

describe('Greeting.vue', () =&gt; {
  it('greeting을 렌더한다', () =&gt; {

  })
})
</code></pre></div><p>TDD에서 사용하는 두 가지 문법이 있습니다. 여기서는 Jest에서 흔히 보이는 <code>describe</code>와 <code>it</code> 문법을 사용하겠습니다. <code>describe</code>는 대부분의 경우에 어떤 것을 테스트할 지에 대한 개요를 나타냅니다. 이 경우에는 <code>Greeting.vue</code> 입니다. <code>it</code>은 목표하는 테스트를 수행하기 위한 책임 중 한 부분을 나타냅니다. 컴포넌트에 기능을 추가할수록 <code>it</code> 블록도 추가됩니다.</p> <p>이제 <code>mount</code>로 컴포넌트를 렌더합니다. 일반적인 방법은 컴포넌트를 <code>wrapper</code>라는 변수에 할당하는 것입니다. 올바르게 작동하고 있는지 확인하기 위해서 결과도 출력하겠습니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Greeting<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">html</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="테스트-실행하기"><a href="#테스트-실행하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 테스트 실행하기</h2> <p>터미널에서 <code>tarn test:unit</code>을 입력해서 테스트를 실행합니다. 파일이 <code>tests</code> 폴더에 있고 파일 이름이 <code>.spec.js</code>로 끝나면 자동으로 테스트를 수행합니다. 잘 작동했다면, 아래와 같은 메시지를 보게됩니다.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>PASS  tests/unit/Greeting.spec.js
Greeting.vue
  ✓ renders a greeting (27ms)

console.log tests/unit/Greeting.spec.js:7
  &lt;div&gt;
    Vue and TDD
  &lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre></div><p>마크업이 정확하게 돼있는 것을 볼 수 있고, 테스트는 통과했습니다. 테스트가 실패하지 않았기때문에 통과하고 있습니다. 사실 이 테스트는 절대 실패할 수가 없어서, 유용한 방법은 아닙니다. <code>Greeting.vue</code>를 변경하고 템플릿에서 <code>greeting</code>을 지워도 여전히 통과합니다. 그럼 한번 수정해보겠습니다.</p> <h2 id="어설션-하기"><a href="#어설션-하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 어설션 하기</h2> <p>컴포넌트가 정확하게 작동하는지 확인하기 위해서 어설션(assertion) 하는 게 필요합니다. Jest에서 제공하는 API인 <code>expect</code>를 사용해서 어설션 할 수 있습니다. <code>expect(result).to [matcher] (actual)</code> 와 같은 형태로 작성합니다.</p> <p><em>Matchers</em> 는 값과 객체를 비교하는 메서드입니다. 예를들면 아래와 같습니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Matchers의 전체 목록은 <a href="https://jestjs.io/docs/en/expect" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jest 공식문서<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>에서 확인할 수 있습니다. <code>vue-test-utils</code>는 어떤 matchers도 포함하지 않습니다. Jest에서 제공하는 것으로 충분합니다. <code>Greeting</code>에 있는 텍스트를 비교하고 싶습니다. 아래와 같이 작성합니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">html</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">includes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Vue and TDD&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>그런데 <code>vue-test-utils</code>에는 마크업인 <code>wrapper.text</code>를 얻는 더 좋은 방법이 있습니다. 테스트의 마지막 부분을 마무리 하겠습니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@vue/test-utils'</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Greeting <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@/components/Greeting.vue'</span>

<span class="token function">describe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Greeting.vue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'renders a greeting'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Greeting<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toMatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Vue and TDD&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>console.log</code>는 더 이상 필요 없습니다. 해당 부분은 삭제해도 됩니다. <code>yarn unit:test</code> 명령어를 입력해서 테스트를 실행해보세요. 정상적으로 작동하면 아래와 같은 메세지가 나옵니다.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>PASS  tests/unit/Greeting.spec.js
Greeting.vue
  ✓ renders a greeting (15ms)

Test Suites: 1 passed, 1 total
Tests:       1 passed, 1 total
Snapshots:   0 total
Time:        1.477s, estimated 2s
</code></pre></div><p>아주 좋아 보입니다. 그렇지만 정말로 잘 작동하는지 확인하려면, 항상 테스트를 실패하고나서 통과해야합니다. 전통적인 TDD에서는 실제로 기능하는 코드를 작성하기 전에 테스트 코드를 먼저 작성합니다. 테스트 코드의 실패를 보고, 실패 에러를 이용해서 코드를 어떻게 작성해야할지 도움을 받습니다. 이 테스트가 정말로 잘 작동하는지 확인해 보겠습니다. <code>Greeting.vue</code>를 아래와 같이 업데이트 해주세요.</p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    {{ greeting }}
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Greeting&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

  <span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      greeting<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Vue without TDD&quot;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p>그리고 <code>yarn test:unit</code>으로 테스트를 실행해보세요.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>FAIL  tests/unit/Greeting.spec.js
Greeting.vue
  ✕ renders a greeting (24ms)

● Greeting.vue › renders a greeting

  expect(received).toMatch(expected)

  Expected value to match:
    &quot;Vue and TDD&quot;
  Received:
    &quot;Vue without TDD&quot;

     6 |     const wrapper = mount(Greeting)
     7 |
  &gt;  8 |     expect(wrapper.text()).toMatch(&quot;Vue and TDD&quot;)
       |                            ^
     9 |   })
    10 | })
    11 |

    at Object.&lt;anonymous&gt; (tests/unit/Greeting.spec.js:8:28)
</code></pre></div><p>Jest가 좋은 피드백을 줍니다. 예상했던 결과와 실제 결과를 비교해서 볼 수 있습니다. 거기다가 어떤 라인에서 예상했던 테스트가 실패했는지도 볼 수 있습니다. 이 테스트는 예상대로 실패했습니다. <code>Greeting.vue</code>를 되돌리고 테스트가 통과하는지 다시 확인해보세요.</p> <p>다음 챕터에서는 컴포넌트를 렌더링 하기 위해서 <code>vue-test-utils</code>에서 제공하는 <code>mount</code>와 <code>shallowMount</code>라는 두 가지 메서드를 살펴보겠습니다.</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/edit/master/ko/setting-up-for-tdd.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Github에서 이 페이지 수정하기</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">마지막 업데이트:</span> <span class="time">2020. 1. 27. 오후 6:02:09</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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